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List of wars involving Latvia

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This is a list of wars that the Republic of Latvia has participated in throughout its history as a duchy (1561–1795) and as a modern-day republic (1918–1940; 1990–present-day)

This list doesn't include the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic since according to the theory of state continuity of the Baltic states, the republic of Latvia existed as a de jure sovereign state from 17 June 1940 to 4 May 1990[citation needed] and was represented by the Latvian Diplomatic Service, which controlled limited state functions during its occupation. Latvia did not engage in warfare during this period.[citation needed]

  Victory
  Defeat
  Another result*
  Ongoing

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Latvia, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Duchy of Courland and Semigallia

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17th century

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Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Combatant 3 Result
1655–1660 Second Northern War

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway (from 1657)
 Habsburg Monarchy
Tsardom of Russia Tsardom of Russia (1656–58)
Crimean Khanate
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60)
Duchy of Courland (1656–58)
 Dutch Republic

Swedish Empire Swedish Empire
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57)
Transylvania Principality of Transylvania
border=no Cossack Hetmanate (1657)[1]
 Wallachia
Moldavia Moldavia
Susquehannock (1655)
Swedish Lithuania (1655–57)[a]

Treaty of Oliva
1658 Invasion of Courland

Courland Duchy of Courland

Swedish Empire Sweden

Swedish victory
  • Sweden occupies Courland and Mitau
  • Tobago occupied by the Dutch.[3]

18th century

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Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Combatant 3 Result
1700–1721 Great Northern War

Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate
Kalmyk Khanate
Electorate of Saxony Saxony
(1700–1706, 1709–1719)
Duchy of Courland
(1700–1701)
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1701–1704, 1709–1719)
Sandomierz Confederation
(1704–1709)
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway
(1700, 1709–1720)
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia (1715–1720)
Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg Hanover (1715–1719)
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
(1717–1719)
Montenegro
(1711–1712)
Moldavia Moldavia

 Swedish Empire
Holstein-Gottorp
(1700–1714)
Warsaw Confederation
(1704–1709)
 Ottoman Empire
(1710–1714)
Crimean Khanate
(1710–1714)}
Cossack Hetmanate
(1708–1714)
Dutch Republic (1700)
 England (1700)
 Scotland (1700)
 Ireland (1700)
Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain
(1719–1720)

Anti-Swedish coalition victory

Republic of Latvia

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20th century

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Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Combatant 3 Result
1918–1919 Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919

Latvia Latvia
White Movement
Estonia Estonia
Poland Poland
Belarus
 Romania
Ukraine
 France
 United Kingdom
Ober Ost
Finnish, Danish, and Swedish volunteers[4]

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
Latvian SSR
Soviet Estonia
Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR
Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee
Ukrainian SSR
Finnish Red Guards[5]

Soviet defeat in the Baltic states
1918–1920 Latvian War of Independence

Latvia Republic of Latvia
Estonia Republic of Estonia
Poland Second Polish Republic

Baltische Landeswehr
(allied to Latvia, except in April–July 1919)

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
 Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic

West Russian Volunteer Army

Victory[6]
1919–1921 Polish–Soviet War

 Poland
 Ukraine (1920)
 Belarus (1920)
 Latvia (1920)

 Russian SFSR
 Ukrainian SSR
 Byelorussian SSR
Polrewkom

Polish victory
15‒16 May 1934 1934 Latvian coup d'état

Latvia Pro-Ulmanis Groups

Latvia Anti-Ulmanis Groups

Pro-Ulmanis victory
  • Coup d'état successful
1939–1945 World War II
Occupation of the Baltic states 		Latvia Republic of Latvia (1940) Soviet Union Soviet Union Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Nazi German defeat; Soviet victory
1945–1956 Guerrilla war in the Baltic states Estonia Estonian partisans
Latvia Latvian partisans
Lithuania Lithuanian partisans 		Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet victory
  • Defeat of the partisans
1991
13–27 January 		The Barricades
(part of the Singing Revolution) 		Latvia Latvia Soviet Union Soviet Union Victory
  • Dissolution of Riga OMON [ru; lv]
  • Eventual independence of Latvia on 21 August 1991[6]

21st century

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Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Combatant 3 Result
2001–2021 War on terror

United States United States of America
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Poland Poland
Latvia Latvia
(other allies)

al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda
  • various allies
 Mixed results
2012- Central African Republic Civil War  Central African Republic

MINUSCA (since 2014)

 Rwanda

 Russia

 South Africa (2013)
MISCA (2013–2014)
EUFOR RCA

Coalition of Patriots for Change

Anti-balaka

MPC

Ongoing

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Pro-Swedish Lithuanian nobility and military forces.

References

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  1. ^ Hrushevsky (2003), pp. 327ff.
  2. ^ "Swedish Military - Hans Högman".
  3. ^ "Archaeologia or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity". 1832.
  4. ^ Per Finsted. "Boganmeldelse: For Dannebrogs Ære - Danske frivillige i Estlands og Letlands frihedskamp 1919 af Niels Jensen". chakoten.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  5. ^ Thomas & Boltowsky (2019), p. 23.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Letland §5. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
  7. ^ Latvijas Brīvības cīņas, page 15 (in Latvian)
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